Who can get Social Security Disability Benefits?

Social Security pays benefits to people who cannot work because they have a medical condition that is expected to last at least one year or result in death. Federal law requires this very strict definition of disability. While some programs give money to people with partial disability or short-term disability, Social Security does not.

Certain family members of disabled workers also can receive money from Social Security. This is explained in “Can my family get benefits?”

How do I meet the earnings requirement for disability benefits?

In general, to get disability benefits, you must meet two different earnings tests:

  1. A “recent work” test based on your           age at the time you became disabled; and
  2. A “duration of work” test to show           that you worked long enough under Social Security.

Certain blind workers have to meet only the “duration of work”         test.

The table below, shows the rules for how much         work you need for the “recent work” test based on your age         when your disability began. The rules in this table are based on the calendar         quarter in which you turned or will turn a certain age.

The calendar quarters are:

First Quarter: January 1 through           March 31 Second Quarter: April 1 through June 30 Third Quarter: July 1 through September 30; and Fourth Quarter: October 1 through December 31

Rules for work needed for the “recent work test”
If you become disabled … Then you generally need:
In or before the quarter you turn age 24 1.5 years of work during the three-year period ending  with the quarter            your disability began.
In the quarter after you turn age 24 but before the quarter you turn age 31 Work during half the time for the period beginning with the quarter after you turned 21 and ending with the quarter you became disabled.  Example: If you become disabled in the quarter you turned age 27, then you would need three years of work out of the six-year period              ending with the quarter you became disabled.
In the quarter you turn age 31 or later Work during five years out of the 10-year period ending with the quarter your disability began.

The following table shows examples of how much work you need to meet the   “duration of work test” if you become disabled at various   selected ages. For the “duration of work” test, your work   does not have to fall within a certain period of time.

NOTE

This table does not cover all situations.

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Examples of work needed for the “duration of work”test
If you become disabled … Then you generally need:
Before age 28 1.5 years of work
Age 30 2 years
Age 34 3 years
Age 38 4 years
Age 42 5 years
Age 44 5.5 years
Age 46 6 years
Age 48 6.5 years
Age 50 7 years
Age 52 7.5 years
Age 54 8 years
Age 56 8.5 years
Age 58 9 years
Age 60 9.5 years

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